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Wednesday, October 11, 2017

童趣詩圖


                                           

童趣詩圖

11/10/2017
Updated in 2024 w/addition of song of the same title
See YouTube link attached:



纒雲如絲 
美人梳髮
丘浪翻風天雨花 
屋上樹梢 
野花鋪地
逍遙自在無匹比
  ** The illustrator of the picture is Paula Mills, poem and coloring by Grace Liu
          


Grace  

Friday, October 6, 2017

步道變奏曲系列


步道變奏曲 系列

一:蝸牛
10/6/2017(rev. 1/13/2024)

天暖晴和之日,總愛在清晨的步道走路。主要目的自然是健身,再則舒緩連日陰雨的晦悶。數十年來走在居家附近步道上,每一彷彿都是新路,每回所見殊異,感覺也自不同。

𢹂著 iPhone 6 以代目,一路從雲光幻化看到草叢中的小生命。步道旁一條小溪流蜿蜒流注不到一里路的公園小湖,麻雀雖小五臟俱全。鹿躍山間,水鳥亂飛;白鷺、蒼鹰、鵲鳥忙著築巢;白尾灰兔(cottontails ) 長耳大跑兔(jackrabbits ) 競走;松鼠四竄、螞蟻搬家,各司其職。就我一人閒著,還替它們錄像寫生,記錄這些天下小事。

日前,在雨露猶滴的草叢間,突然發現造物主的一件傑作,就在倉促行過之道旁,遲緩爬行著的一只蝸牛現入眼中。亮麗的外殼、精美的紋路,在千分之一秒中玃獲了我的目光,攝下這個微小的生命之影,載之以圖,繪之以傳。





二:林間漫步
3/7/2017

藍天、纖雲、林動徐風至
白鷺、石灘、舊時重遊地
相逢何必曾相識
相知猶待有緣人
                 



                                     
                          
                                                  三 :  飛鳥                                                  
11/17/2017
 
鷹翔遠空         
鵲巢低藪
守望相助
各得其所




Grace



Friday, September 29, 2017

讀書隨筆 - Animalwise by Virginia Morell

Animal Wise
Virginia Morell

6/26/2017

讀書會新近讀了本講述不同動物,由微渺的螞蟻說到大象,海豚及狗的書,書名 "Animal Wise" by Virginia Morell.  其中探討研究動物的心智和感情,在近年來頗有新發現。立論中:動物有能力學習,並非全由基因決定行為,書中提到的研究之一即以螞蟻為例證。動物亦有感情包括同理心-- 如海豚及大象:大象會守護在死去的同類身旁,久久不肯離去,也會記得離散數十年的同類親友,海豚則會救助其他動物脫離險境,包括人類在內。

動物和人的關係有不少模式,有些為柤上肉如牛羊豬豕,有些則為僕友如馬和狗。問題是人類一直以來自許為萬物之靈,有些甚而認為萬物中只有人類才有靈魂,其餘在進化轋中低於人者所具備的僅為 programmed behaviors 如 Pavalov 對狗做的實驗。當然現今的學者已明白更多昨日論斷之誤。

然而人類最大的問題在於心態:有人説是「以人為中心的思維模式」。歸結到底是人類的強者心態,在動物界中以神自居,強行主宰其他生物的命運,或者以一己好惡來替牠們做決定。所謂的 Anthropomorphism (賦以人性特質)小則養在家中的寵物如鸚鵡教牠說人話,小狗教牠學站、握手等人類的動作,或是將其打扮成各式各樣人的形象就像去參加化妝舞會一樣。大則強行改造動物基因,近數世紀來培育出許多不同體型及性向的貓狗,終極目標不過是為廣開客源,製造市場需求的新品種以飽私囊。再就是早期人類在拓荒或遊獵過程中對野生動物之濫殺,造成了許多動物絕種,近世紀以來雖有國際立法保護瀕臨絕種動物,亡羊補牢勉強補過,並無法挽回這些對自然界的損害。

人在動物園區的優越感甚至推及到不同人種,以為某些人種或是智慧不足、或是沒有靈魂(如未開化的人種),用這些立論支持他們自己的私心去奴役其他種族,這在上個世紀的世界各地甚至今天還經常發生。

Grace


Monday, September 18, 2017

My Antonia by Willa Cather

My Antonia (1918)
By Willa Cather

9/14/2017

Willa Cather is one of the early 20th Century American writers along with contemporaries such as Theodore Dreiser ("Sister Carrie", 1900) and Sinclair Lewis ("Main Street", 1930) who wrote about ordinary people in their days and gave the characters they portrayed distinct faces and voices with a place and time evoking reminiscence of the early days of the settlers.

"My Antonia" is about the immigrant families around the late19th Century in Nebraska who struggled against hostile elements and poverty making a life for themselves with hardworking and dignity.  While immigrant experiences are overall similar those who came to settle in this part of the world are filled with stories to tell what they left behind in the old countries they came from.

Mr. Shimerda, a Bohemian, left behind him an intellectual and cultural surroundings more sophisticated than the home he found here in a dugout cave where his family lived like primitive people.  The two Russian neighbors Peter and Pavel on the other hand came to the new land to escape the stigma of a nightmarish experience back home which laden them with guilt and scorns from their country men.  Immigrants in recent history more or less came to this country in search of a better life.  Nonetheless they were not equally rewarded.  Those stories made up the first part of the narration of the book.

Antonia, our heroine, the elder daughter of Shimerda, was put to work  alongside her older brother doing a man's work starting at a tender young age.  Antonia's father later on committed suicide in disillusion of the new world and in a desperate attempt to rid himself from the burden of his large Bohemian family.

A few more female characters in the book however persisted in climbing the upward social ladder on their own.  Among them, Lena, a Norwegian immigrant's daughter from another prairie farm, despite the bad girl image bestowed on her by the town and country folks alike, her effort as well as her talent landed her amid the rank of successful fashion designers of the days.

As time moved on and progress gradually emerged in this desolate land, lives in general were moving from rudimentary subsistence to more luxurious environment.  The second part of the book' dwells in the transition as our narrator Jim Burden's family moved to a nearby town.

This is a rather universal theme.  We can easily find parallels in many other societies.  Taiwan, for example, has gone from similar social transformation from early 20th century's simple folk lives in farms or towns to the late century's affluence in urban dwellers.

Aside from the immigrants' experience which the author shed in ample amount and realistic details, I also enjoyed reading the book for her prosy writing which breathes fresh air every page you turn.  Her depiction of the countryside often fills with imageries from nature our immigrant farmers surrounding themselves with on a daily basis.  We can easily conjure vivid pictures in our mind's eye from passages filled with such florid colors mixing with all sorts of sounds and smell coming from outdoors living and from inside the dwellings of farm structures.

Colors splashed over page after page such as: copper-red grass, gold-washed sky, the blond pastures, ash grove or flowers blooming in pink and purple masses. Intimate account of farm life brings back our own childhood where sunshine was as bright as gold and grass as lustrous green when we were young.

All the while an undercurrent of social structures and mores of a time surfaced in between lines where prejudices against new immigrants and women in general were rampant.  It was hard living for the immigrants and their sons and daughters, but in the end those who help themselves also get help when they need it the most.  This includes those came from narrator Jim Burden's grandparents who often came to their aid in time of distress.  There were also less than decent folks around such as the loan shark in town who fed on the less fortunate.  All of them however were real people, characters the author used to know or encountered in her younger days living on Nebraska prairie.

Facing all these difficulties, the handful of immigrants' daughters, including Antonia, ultimately reached their goal of making life better for themselves and provides their offsprings with decent living.  Success  means different things for each one of them.  Antonia was leading a happy life when Jim Burden revisited the prairie years after they separated in their youth.  She now built herself a house furnished with necessary amenities and with many children and a husband around.  It was a typical American Dream fulfilled for any immigrant at least in those days.  Without a doubt this book is an excellent work of art and an important study of a time and place in American history.


Grace
.

Wednesday, September 13, 2017



"Reading Alice Munro"
9/16/14

Dear Friend*:

Hope this note finds you at a less busy and relaxed time which may not come by for a while.  We had a wonderful time reflecting on Alice Munro's stories at our meeting last Monday.  Although there are only 8 of us, each of us had quite a few things to say about her stories.  The following is a few of my thoughts after reading her short stories collection titled "Carried Away".  I enjoyed reading them all, particularly:  "Hateship, Friendship, ....etc.", " Runaway" and "The Bear Came Over the Mountain" the latter was made into a recent film played by Julie Christie "Away from Her".

Her stories often feature females with relationship problems and those in the above mentioned stories were especially intriguing to me.  In the first story "Hateship", Johanna, a woman with no background and no prospect in any type of relationships was able to succeed in a marriage beyond her means by way of some mischiefs of two teenagers.  The ending of this story was skillfully woven into the last few lines.  By means of an obituary ad. of her past employer, we learn what happened in her new life she created for herself instead of an epilogue many Victorian style novels use in the past.

In "Runaway", Carla is yet another woman suffering from the bombardment of irrational demands from her husband.  The ending of the story (withheld here so as not to spoil the fun for potential readers) is a surprise to me.  Being a modern reader, I was expecting to find her landing a life free from the dominance of a not very kind husband but it did not turn out this way.

The third story "The Bear Came over the Mountain " though seems to be narrated from the point of view of the husband Grant, the focal character is really the wife Fiona.  It is indeed a very touching story and the film based on the story is also equally well done.

I could go on and on just to recite the interesting characters including the minor ones in some stories and the unusual twists and turns in several of them.

Hope you can find time to read just a few stories some other time.

*This was a letter I sent to Jane C. Telling her about the book we just discussed at our monthly which she missed while traveling.

Friday, July 28, 2017

《老書新讀》- "It Can't Happen Here" by Sinclair Lewis



It Can't Happen Here
Sinclair Lewis (1935)
(Our bookclub read in 2016, essay written in 2017)

馬克吐溫說:「真相比虛構故事更離奇。」"Truth is stranger than fiction.  That's because fiction is obliged to stick to probabilities, truth isn't."  他說:小說總要遵從可能性(邏輯)的原則,真實事件往往不依循既定方向發展。八十多年前的這本美國政治小說故事雖屬虛構,卻也非完全不可思議。䁵目今日的政治局勢更是瞬息萬變,全然不依既定的軌跡發展。

作者 Sinclair Lewis 寫過不少經典名著,包括《大街》 " Main Street " ( 1920 ) 及《巴比特》 " Babbit " ( 1922 )。 " It Can't Happen Here " 出版當年一時之間成為最暢銷之書,固
然和當年的社會政治因素有關在他的著作中卻較不為人知,批評家咸認這是本文學性不甚高的作品。卻因本書內容講的是攸關所有國人民主自由的議題,此時此刻這本老書又洛陽紙貴掀起讀書熱潮來。

讀者們或許也同意這本書寫得不太嚴謹。作者以嘲諷之筆針對當時政治社會萬象,寫了四個月就成書付椊出版,不免結構鬆散。故事中人物蕪雜事件不分鉅細,敘述缺乏重心,尤其前三分之一的篇幅中,歷史人物和虛構人物像數來寶般一個接一個列名文中。無關緊要的情節及背景描述充斥字裏行間,加上文句冗長拉沓,讀者很難抓到敘述脈絡及重點。

這是一本「主題掛帥」的書,內容重於形式,書中諷刺的政治現實無寧視為當世之「警世寓言」,它的宣傳效應,足令後世的國人在面對民主危機時做為借鏡。 故事背景的三十年代初期由於經濟大蕭條影響社會動盪不安,民粹主義高漲,野心家們藉著不同議題覬覦總統大位,其中一位言辭頗具煽動力的政客 Buzz Windrip,提出幾項符合當時一些「被遺忘的人民」之政策,包括限制猶太人的權益及一些現在看來完全政治不正確的平台。 原來Buzz 此人不過是位沒什麼背景的平常人,他瞭解平常人的偏見和理想,一般人很容易接受他的論調,尤其當他開了一張當選即兌現的支票,每位公民都可以領到五仟元現金(在三十年代是個天文數字)。事實上他背後的一位謀士 Lee Sarason 才是真正策劃一切的主腦,這位不學無術的 Windrip 先生終究當選為美國總統,故事情節這才開始緊鑼密鼓的排展開來。

坐上總統寶座之後的 Buzz 開始實行極權專制,包括解除國會權力,殘害異議人士,建立自己的軍隊名之 The Minute Men 到處捕捉反對他的人,包括寫社論批評時局的新聞從事人員。極具諷刺意味的一些插曲:競選時高喊降低失業人口,上任後為消除異己,將一批批閒置及反對人士送入集中營中強迫勞動,立即宣稱已無失業人口;在恐怖籠罩全民氛圍之下,競選前承諾人民的五仟元自然也成了一紙空頭支票。

這個故事聽起來似乎不太可能發生在當時的美國,It Can't Happen Here! 然而三十年代同時之間的歐洲也正是法西斯 Fascists 希特勒和墨索里尼掌權及共產主義蔓延的年代,動盪不安的美國似乎也出現了步向同一趨向的各種癥兆。

作者對歷史的反思藉由主角人物  Doremus Jessup ,一位盡忠職守的新聞記者,提出他對政治及民主的理念。他的思考是:激進的理想主義者,是否反而成為妨礙到人類進步的敵人?安份忠於職守的人是否才是社會的中流砥柱?狂熱份子不論左傾或右傾通常是盲目的,尤其在愛國的旗幟之下成為暴民的群眾,在煽動下什麼事都做的出來。上世紀六十年代在中國發生的文化大革命,歷史影像依舊歷歷在目,恰可做個相當鮮明的對照。

持續為民喉舌的 Jessup 也終於被捕下獄,監禁在新政府的集中營,其中過程細節也無需細述,總之充滿了施虐等暴行的人間地獄,至此幾乎連有良心的知識份子也被噤聲了。

這是本政治小說,目的在耳提面命當年的一般老百姓及知識分子,剖陳法西斯及集權政治之恐怖內幕,警示即將到來的大選(此書於 1935 年大選前一年發行)可能成為野心家實現極權的一道捷徑。歷史告訴我們,作者的過慮並未成為事實,是不是他的暢銷書或多或少起了些許警惕作用? 雖是虛構小說,作者筆下的描述卻相當真實,包括三十年代的政治社會種種現象以及人心向背;小人得志濫用權力;知識份子有心卻無力反抗等種種人性弱點之揣摹也頗精準。

主角 Jessup 在天搖地動的鉅大變遷之下,為了適應現狀,心態及觀念起了微妙變化,但他始終没有改變初衷做出違背自己信念,亦不曾如他自己兒子一般選擇附從新政府,助長貫徹種種不法政策。書中次要人物寫的或許比較樣板化,主角這個人物倒頗真實。他有一般常人的因循和迂邁,也有異於常人的洞見和執著。在暴政之下光是存活都不容易,在生死存亡時刻仍能不屈不撓,堅持自己理念做對得起自己良心的事,這是在任何國家和社會都迫切需要的中流砥柱。

Grace 寫於 7/27/2017

Saturday, June 24, 2017

「臥虎藏龍」和作者王度廬

漫談「臥虎藏龍」結構及人物
- 兼説王度𠫂武俠小說之特色
(6/23/2017 - updated with author notes【後註】
* 原文寫於 1980 年代



自金庸「鹿鼎記」脫稿宣稱封筆不再繼續武俠小說之寫作,大多數武俠小說迷們都有除卻巫山不是雲之感。有些讀者甚至從此不再翻閱武俠小說,執著的則一看再看僅有的金作,甚而十看百看不厭者也大有人在,如倪匡先生也者。

當我無意中發現王度廬 (註一) 這一套寫武當俠士的系列小說之時,真是如獲至寶。這個以 「鶴鐵」系列著稱的言情武俠小說是由「鶴驚崑崙」開端,續之以「寶劍金釵」、「劍氣珠光」、「臥虎藏龍」,最後以「鐵騎銀瓶」收尾的一套五部書的洋洋鉅作。

這套書中個人認為寫的最好的為第四部「臥虎藏龍」。先不說他那帶有濃重京腔和典雅的文字,這故事寫得之奇、之好,雖說成書遠在半個多世紀以前,近年來武俠小說之量又多不勝數,現代讀者仍然能夠讀來興味盎然回味無窮,比諸「金」作不遑多讓。不但故事敘述鋪陳不落俗套,人物也寫得浮凸細緻,不同凡響。


「臥虎藏龍」寫的是九門提督之女玉嬌龍離奇曲折的前半生。故事開章前幾段文字平鋪直敍,有如章回小說一般交待人物出場行動,也沒什麼驚人的事件描摹,作者亦沒點明誰是書中主角,他先寫一個次要人物「一朶蓮花」劉泰保,再由他引出玉嬌龍其人。

且看他如何安排玉小姐的第一次出場。作者除了極言她的艶麗及尊貴,並無過多筆墨渲染,讀者十分有可能會被矇混過而不知此乃真主角也。尤有甚者在接下來發生的 "碧眼狐狸" 案件其間,作者始終不透露真相,而是經由劉泰保以第三人稱旁觀的觀點推動故事情節,甚至全書前四分之一的篇幅都用在劉泰保這個京都混混身上。

這個次要小人物,其貌不揚、身手亦不甚高明,但有幾分俠氣,在京城巿井中混得個無人不識。劉泰保這個小人物若繼續寫下去真會搶盡書中其他人物鋒頭,只因這個人寫的太好了!這其間作者漫不經意的寫到玉嬌龍若干次,居然也不露一絲口風給讀者。然則王度廬畢竟是位佈局的大匠,字裏行間其實早給撒下不少蛛絲馬跡,細心的讀者開始懷疑到故事中或許另有亁坤。就在讀者開始不耐懸疑之際,雲霧逐漸散開,故事輪廓也一步步清晰起來。

正當讀者摒息以待後事分曉的當兒,作者卻筆鋒一轉,且把情節打住,反倒敍起前事來。他由玉嬌龍幼時說起,寫她如何學會一身難測的本事,其武功之來龍去脈,後來又如何結識大盜羅小虎等事,開場時的關鍵人物 "碧眼狐狸" 的來歷出身也同時交待了。

然而王度廬最成功的地方倒不在於情節之豐或是佈局之巧,而在他對人情世故通盤的暸解。他寫情、敍事,都本著中國人的常情常理去寫,因此再非常的人物,可信度也大為提高,再離奇之情節順著理路去想也就不那麼牽強。有如此特異性格的主角人物,原本就該有這麼不平凡的際遇!


下面就試著分析玉嬌龍的個性來說明那諸般驚世駭俗的事跡其來亦有自。她是王度廬筆下最成功的角色之一。出身閥閲巨室,父親官拜九門提督,幾乎就是天子腳底下京城第一號有權勢的人。身為這種家庭的獨生掌珠,兩位兄長又長年在外地做官,全家加上親戚門生三千寵愛集於一身,形成了嬌縱任性的性格是可想而知的。尤其是玉太太 - 玉嬌龍之母,更是極端縱容這個嬌女。這或許能說明為什麼隨父任新疆大臣的那些年中,以一個七、八歲小女孩之身,居然能跟著老師高朗秋偸學武功而絲毫不露端倪(金庸第一部武俠小說「書劍恩仇録」中就借用過這個橋段來介紹其中一個人物李沅芷之出埸)。

這當中尚有一件事值得一提:學了武功的她又背著師父偷抄劍譜,後來索性盜出原譜,將老師寓所一把火燒光來掩飾盜書之舉。這個年方十餘的玉嬌龍行事之任性狠辣已能由小看大了。無怪高朗秋臨終時還悵恨道:「我替人間養大一條毒龍!」

藝成之後的玉嬌龍早已不甘雌伏閨中,正好藉著隨母赴伊犂母舅家途中遇暴風沙及盜贼之便,隻身仗劍闖沙漠。她與大盜羅小虎的私情種因於此時。在沙漠的時日雖暫,諸事紛至沓來,作者娓娓敍來雖說屢屢出人意表 ,卻也入情近理。按玉嬌龍儘管嬌縱蠻橫、手段毒辣,其實心腸極軟。當她聽到羅小虎悲慘的生平時,即付予最大的同情,並亟思助他脫離強盜生涯另謀出身。後來她和劉泰保、蔡湘妹鬪法時也屢思退讓不願傷及無辜之人。

玉嬌龍此人物之可信在於她有矛盾,也絕非完美的人。儘管外貌風華絕倫,身份尊崇無比,因學了一身武功令她不甘深鎖閏中,嫁給自己深悪之人。結識羅小虎後也不是不想突破侯門樊籬,追隨情郎恣意行走江湖。奈何富貴習氣深植,叫她拋棄一切她做不到。在與人爭闘時總像猛龍般一去不回頭,對於自己心中的矛盾,她不但不解,也完全無可如何。自始至終徘徊在門第名望及恣意江湖的岔路,難以痛下抉擇,使得她日後給家裏帶來無止休的驚風駭浪,迫使自己一再出走,過了半輩子江湖人奔波的日子。

然而命運是註定的,或可以說它取決於當事人的個性和作為。小說內容相當寫實,在當時(清朝)傳統壓力之下,女子是無法突破社會樊籠的。一旦真的做到,必須付出極大代價,下場幾乎肯定是悲劇。相較之下,金庸筆下身世相仿的官家小姐李沅芷(見「書劍恩仇録」)則幸運得多


王度廬的寫實風格可從他的作品中抽樣一二來檢視。故事背景中的民間窮困落後和盜賊叢生的世界,在許多當代筆記小說中也可得到印證。從這套「鶴鐵」五部曲中的許多次要人中,我們很容易看到一般小民的處境和風貌。最後一部「鐡騎銀瓶」中有個不大也不算小的人物蕭千總,一個典型的低階官僚;同書中主角韓鐵芳的跟班毛三,也活脫脫一付當時社會底下人的嘴臉。這些是外在的寫實,那麼,內在的寫實呢?

傳統的中國民俗小説一個特徵,也可說是缺憾之一是作者無法進入人物的內心世界。成功如「水滸」、「三國」人物性格端賴外在的描述或是對話的烘托,少有心理描繪之筆。偉大如「紅樓夢」,也極少著墨於內心的揣摹。可見心理描寫是個相對較新的技法,或許是在西風東漸下慢慢形成的一種寫法。

在「臥虎藏龍」中,我們藉由作者的全知觀點得知女主角出場之前的身世經歷,又從作者的心理描寫獲知她對情郎羅小虎矛盾的心意。這種敍述方式好處在於對人物能有較全面的瞭解,缺點是也可能因作者過份干預人物心態,使故事情節流於一廂情願不合常理。

王度廬的功力在於他創造了的人物會活起來,也很少橫加干擾,而後他們的發展再也非屬他所能控制的範圍。這套「鶴鐵」系列中第二部和第三部中的男主角李慕白,方出場時是個學劍有成的儒生,俠骨柔腸,豪氣干雲。漸漸地這人脫離了作者掌控,自行茁長成一個有血有肉,有可愛之處也有可憾的缺點,成了活生生的一個人。

至於李慕白是怎麼樣的一個人,掩卷之餘,很難用三言兩語把這個多面性格之人物說清講明。他不慕富貴、講義氣、為朋友可以不要自己性命,真是慷慨磊落之至。然而另方面作者也寫出他的自私、無情、迂腐及優柔。試看他對纖娘臨終前的撇清態度,以及雖愛兪秀蓮(二、三部的女主角)卻不曾真正為她的處境著想,終使她空閨獨守鬱鬱而終,這都是李慕白極端自我的寫照。

王度廬也擅長以對話來襯出人物個性,自己不輕下考語。他利用書中人物對某角色的評語來烘托其人多樣面貌。如李慕白在好友德嘯風口中是:「這人就是太拘泥,太矯情。」,在反面人物冒五語下則:「他那人是.......... 心高氣狹。」雖然在一般人眼中和俞秀蓮心目他肯定相當接近完美:英俊瀟灑、懂規矩、重然諾,但也有卑鄙的一面。塗山當心寺偷盜智能和尚的點穴譜(見第三部「劍氣珠光」)就一點都不光彩。在「臥虎藏龍」中巧奪玉嬌龍的劍譜,雖說是他的師父江南鶴原先之物,都說明他的私心重。然而瑕不掩瑜,他那光芒萬丈的英雄氣概仍是叫人欽服,也證明這是個有血有肉的真人!

好的小說一定得講究佈局,不能一味平鋪直敍,「臥虎藏龍」由倒述中點出前因後果。作者擅用懸宕的情節逮住讀者好奇心,再一步步剝繭抽絲,終至水落石出之地。然而他並非部部書中都注入等量心血,比如「第三部「劍氣珠光」就寫得很不帶勁,全書之沈悶無高潮令人無法卒讀。
最後一部「鐵騎銀瓶」中雖有很精彩的情節,人物、地方風情的描繪,但泰半稍嫌碎嘴,不關痛癢芝麻小事充斥其間,缺乏耐心的人很難去看完全篇。一般來說,他仍沿用傳統章回小說的寫法並無太多突破。不過我們要想到這套書寫成於(上世紀,補註)四十年代,囿於時代的因素,亦不可能有太新穎的寫作方式和技巧。

這套書的另一個顯著的特點,主要人物多半以悲劇收場,唯獨壓軸的「鐵騎銀瓶」中,總算看到有情的男女主角兩人最終成為眷屬。其他舉凡江小鶴(「鶴驚崑崙」主角)、李慕白、兪秀蓮(「寶劍金釵」和「劍氣珠光」的男女主角)、玉嬌龍(「臥虎藏龍」女角)等人都留有情天難補的遺恨。也許正因如此,使這些故事更有振撼心靈的力量,也給讀者留下更多回味的餘地。

走筆至此,還盼那些研究「金學」的專家們,在十看百看「金」作之餘暇,也能撥空瀏覧一下王度廬這套老書。若能引起有心人士對他的作品也做一番評介工作,說不定「王家老店」竟能東山再起,不讓「金字招牌」獨霸武林呢!



附錄
3/13/2002

CCTV經常播放些品質不差的專題節目,今天「半邊天」節目中介紹了四川文人劇作家魏明倫。此君即川劇「變臉」之作者,寫過不少劇本,專為女人打抱不平。

「變臉」的故事亦是批判封建制度下普及的男女不平等的問題。變臉王老了,在人販攤子買了一個孫子,想將自己變臉絕技傳下去,可是發現這個孩子竟是女兒身時竟然趕她出去。(註)

中國民間千年以來形成重男不重女,傳子不傳女的傳統,這應該是為什麼歷代帝王將相名傳史册的偉人,少有女性列名的主因。魏明倫還寫了潘金蓮及中國杜蘭朶的劇本,為這些舊社會中被視為壞女人者翻案。提到「女人是禍水」這話,妲己、褒似禍國這類陳腔舊調,到今天尚有人奉為真理。

南北朝時的西蜀王竉妃花蕊夫人説過的千古名言:「君王城上豎降期,妾在深宮那得知。」只不過在當年為女子説公道理的人幾乎絕無僅有,就連女人自己多半認命,無力反抗,只有逆來順受一途。

他又提到王度廬的「臥虎藏龍」中的女主角玉嬌龍,雖是小說中的人物,卻是個鲜活的例子。玉嬌龍確是她那年代難得一見的奇女子,是我們今日社會中說的" 女強人 " 。她出身閥閱世家,父親貴為九門提督,京城中最有權勢之人。她身懷絕技,不甘嫁入安排的婚姻而出走。在江湖流浪的日子中,不知打了多少強項惡霸,也同李慕白余秀蓮等英雄豪傑一爭短長亳不遜色。可是她的結局也同許多平凡女子一般淒慘。被迫離家遠走大漠,隱姓埋名,不僅無法和心愛的人相守,見了親生兒子也不敢相認,真的是被制度犧牲的強女子最佳寫照。

【註一】王度盧 

王度廬(1909年-1977年),滿族,原名王葆祥(後改名葆翔),字霄羽。“度廬”是其寫武俠小説時用的筆名。 [1]  他與“奇幻仙俠派”還珠樓主、“社會反諷派”宮白羽、“幫會技擊派”鄭證因、“奇情推理派”朱貞木共稱“北派五大家”。
王度廬自幼喪父,家中生計全靠母親及姊姊替人幫傭維持,自己十二歲起,也開始在外賺錢謀生,學業則一直斷斷續續,全憑自己苦修,自小的困苦環境,也間接造成日後在作品上的悲劇觀點。

創作風格


30年代中期,王度廬改寫武俠小説,以言情小説的筆法創造了武俠小説的一個新的天地。王度廬的特點,是能夠充分把握江湖兒女內心的矛盾、人性的掙扎、愛恨交織的複雜情境,寫情則纏綿悱惻、蕩氣迴腸,寫義則慷慨俠烈、血淚交迸,並因此譜成一部壯烈深沉的“武俠悲愴命運交響曲”使“劍膽琴心俠骨柔腸”的書劍名士之氣和恩仇江湖之情深入到武俠小説的靈魂深處  - 百度百科

【註二】電影版「變臉」,中國,1996;吳天明導演

"The King of Masks", China, 1996, directed by Wu Tianming, 能在網上或 Netflix 找到,圖書館也應該能找到。友人 Amy 曾在四川旅遊時看過川劇之「變臉」,據稱此劇有幾種不同結局之版本,吳天明拍的版本是較受歡迎的一種。


Friday, June 23, 2017

讀書雜談


讀書雜談
11/2/15


回台北已半月餘。這些日子經常閒逛書店,又買了好幾本書。

自己也買了本 Gianenni 鉅作「閃回」「註一」這本大書,時時翻閱讀它一兩章節,或看幾段老電影的介紹。訝異的是我看過的影片還真不少,沒看過的也讀到過,一邊復習一邊重新體味其中真意也是一大享受。

這幾年來印刻文學的確出了些好書。我找到一本李黎的「半生書縁」記錄三十多年來陸續訪問的中國文學耆宿,包括:茅盾、錢鍾書、楊絳夫婦、劉賓雁及殷海光等文人學者。李黎文章我喜歡她的視野及人文關懷。曾經讀過一篇她給舒明(香港影評人) 寫的一本有關日本電影書之序文,篇名似為「舊情綿綿 - 日本老電影」真是好文章。她也是寫影評之高手。

另外買了本趣味性書本「吃一場有趣的宋朝飯局」雖說買來純粹為了消遣時間,卻也意外獲得不少雜學和不尋常的知識。比如作者講述在宋朝吃不到的美食說道:金庸「射雕英雄傳」開篇第一回,寫南宋中葉的杭州郊外,兩位農民請一個說書先生去喝酒,店小二「擺出一碟蠶豆、一碟花生、一碟豆腐乾.....」等下酒菜,至少有一樣是有違歷史背景現實。因為花生是外來物種,明朝才由美洲引進。諸如此類的趣聞確實能填補日子裡的空檔。

在家母居所附近一家獨立書店買書時恰好有記者和書店老闆正進行訪談,聽到他說:能做到那就做到那兒,到了撐不下時也就收起來罷!這也反映出小書店在大書局連鎖店夾縫中生存之困境。我經常去「誠品」閒逛,看到有興趣的書,我會到這家小店來買,若
架上沒看到就請老闆代為訂購。也算支持這種獨立書店的一點心意。這家獨立書店沒隔多久即關起大門來!

Grace from 台北


郭松棻 「奔跑的母親」
 11/8/15

回到台北又找到一本郭松棻 2002 年初版的的「奔跑的母親」,其中有「月印」及另外四篇中短篇包括「雪盲」等。李渝的「溫州街的故事」則已絶版。(註二)

我剛讀完「月印」,確實是篇絶妙好文,然而我不覺得這本書會有太多讀者。「月印」講的是台灣在日治後期白色恐怖時代的小故事,若是没有些許歷史常識或許看不明白。我父母輩是経過這些年代所發生過的事,包括男子最後的下場。我母親的異母兄弟因被發覺私藏一本禁書,大概是馬克思社會主義之類的書被關數十年之久,虛擲了大好青春。

王徳威在序言中說:郭的文章應是和白先勇及王文興等人同處六十年代現代文學翹將之列,然而今日知其名的人並𣎴多,一個原因是他惜墨如金。從七零年中才發表作品,主要著作成於八零年代,然而在九零年代中就因中風而停止寫作。真正結集出版的作品確是屈指可數。

他的文體精簡,敍事方式有些像電影的分鏡鏡頭,影像鮮明,聲光兼備,人物形狀及心理描述更是精深幽微,此之白先勇的短篇不遑多讓。我覺得白的文字精巧華麗,隽永有餘,深度卻不及。郭的文字精彩凜洌,對家國之寄托往往在行文流水中自然表露,給予他的故事更深沈更豐富的內涵。

才讀完一篇就有不少感觸,相信看完整本書之後肯定会有更多想法。


下面附註給五年前(2015)所寫的短文添加些資訊:
10/08/2020

附註一:「閃回」世界電影史  (2015)  英文版:  ”Flashback- A brief history of film (6th Ed.) by Louis Giannetti 

附註二:郭松棻和李渝皆為台大外文系學長,下為維基百科中兩人簡介:

(1938年8月27日-2005年7月9日),台灣台北市人。父親雪湖為日治時代知名畫家,母親林阿琴亦為畫家,其妻子李渝同為知名小說家。 1958年發表第一篇短篇小說〈王懷和他的女人〉於台灣大學的《大學時代》。1961年台灣大學外文系畢業。1963和1965年在台大外文系代授《英詩選讀》....(維基百科)

李渝(1944年1月23日-2014年5月5日),臺灣小說家、美術史學者。祖籍安徽,生於重慶,長於臺北國立臺灣大學外文系畢業,柏克萊加州大學藝術史博士[1],受教於中國美術史名家高居翰。曾任教於紐約大學東亞系、國立臺灣大學臺灣文學研究所白先勇文學講座客座教授。曾獲時報文學獎。大學時代始發表小說,然而柏克萊時代投入保釣運動,幻滅之餘回到學院完成以清末畫家任伯年為題的博士論文,小說創作長期中斷;1980年代復出,小說作品量少質精,追求卓越風格,樹立獨特美學,與夫婿郭松棻同為臺灣一代指標小說家。(維基百科)



Grace

Wednesday, June 21, 2017

「看見台灣電影之光」



「看見台灣電影之光」
作者:蔡明燁

3/21/2017

講評台灣電影的書中,這是本追溯歷史,概括台灣一地電影發展歷程,簡要而全面的一本新書。2015 年底初版,全書僅得 173 頁之多,字體大,排版疏朗,又處處置入風格新頴之插畫,以類似導讀的形式,從大歷史的角度來看臺灣電影。

像講故事一樣娓娓道來,深入淺出可讀性非常高。概括面雖廣,篇章短小立論精闢,不用參考書籍的方式加添註腳出處,卻另開資訊窗口,用定格膠片鑲嵌書中相應部分,簡介重要人物及事件:台灣主要導演如侯孝賢、楊德昌、蔡明亮及李安,電影大事記如金馬影展等。這樣寫法的優點為不因多加說明某事而打斷整體思維,儘量不脫題 (Eliminate digression) 保持敘述脈絡流𣈱無阻。

例證一:楊德昌栽培的電影人(資訊窗口)中以短短兩頁的篇幅寫下了這些資訊:

張震和陳湘琪是楊的得意門生,張震在《牯嶺街少年殺人事件》中飾演主角,演技出色,後又在楊導的《麻將》中演出。陳湘琪由楊的場記做起,後在《獨立年代》中飾演女主角。此外在《牯》片中飾演張震同學的柯宇綸從14歲起就跟在楊身邊拍片,在許多影片,包括楊的最後一部電影《一一》都參與到了。

除了演員,幕後工作者如今也有多人業已闖名立萬。《海角七號》和《賽得克巴萊》導演魏德聖當年經人介紹任楊的公司助理,在《麻將》一片中,從場務一路升到副導,從中獲益良多,影響到他後來擔任導演時的工作方式。其他幕後工作人員多人,其中包括我們影社看過的一部李屏賓的紀錄片《乘著光影旅行》,導演之一的姜秀瓊曾以《牯》片中的演出入圍金馬奬女配角,如今是擔當一面的女導,曾受邀前往日本拍攝《寧靜咖啡館之歌》。又,美國出生的青年導演,拍過《一頁台北》的陳駿霖,亦是跟隨楊導學習有成,也到台灣發展(是否仍在台待証?)的導演。

本書主要章節從 Part 1 :《光陰的故事》説到 八零年代的電影外在環境,及「新電影」對後繼影人的影響。Part 2 :《海角七號》的意義,是台灣電影起死回生的𨍭折點,對整個影界有不可忽視的影響。事實上同一年 2008 中有好幾部影片包括《冏男孩》(我們影社放映過),《九降風》都是讓人刮目相看的作品,但沒受到大衆的關注。之後又有《聽說》2009、《不能沒有你》2009、《艋舺》2010、《陣頭》2012、《總舖師》2013 等所謂台灣電影界的文藝復興時期作品。另一方面,台灣紀錄片異軍突起,帶來不少質和量的豐收。就中姣姣者有:2004 的《生命》描述 921 災後重建的故事,2005 的《無米樂》就地拍攝老農的生命哲學及工作困境,都曾在國內市場造成「紀錄片現象」。2013 的《看見台灣》以高空攝影探討台灣環境的變遷,而後又有不少有關環保議題的紀錄片出現,例如 2015時《老鷹想飛》"Fly, Kite, Fly" 等佳作。

Part 3 以兩岸三地電影結束,簡述兩岸交流帶動合作片之風潮。書中結語概括兩岸三地電影:「...兩岸三地雖有交集,但也有不同的特質和差異,例如中國具備充足的條件拍攝旗艦大片和歷史鉅製,香港對商業電影的開發格外靈活,而台灣電影的創作自由與人文精神,則讓其他兩地難望項背。也因此臺灣小品電影的清新脫俗,仍是陸、港影片中少見的特色。」

Grace


A few thoughts on reading "King Leopold's Ghost"

Popular history books have a way of changing readers in terms of enhancing their ability to absorb complicated facts and understand the meaning behind them and ramifications of historical events scholarly books often fail to achieve  - Grace



A few thoughts on reading "King Leopold's Ghost"
Written by Adam Hochschild


(5/7/2017)

A consistent theme runs through a few popular history titles our book club have read in recent years.  "The Meursault Investigation" deals with many issues and conflicts in French colony Algeria before and after its independence.  "Lawrence in Arabia" delineates the exploits by a few imperial powers in their attempts to carve up the Arabian territory during World War I.  And "King Leopold's Ghost" dwells in a small imperial country's many misdeeds in colonizing vast area of the Congo in Africa at the end of 19th century.

Right in the middle of reading "King Leopold's Ghost", I was awed by the sweeping scale and boundless details of events and personalities strutting on stage in the early days of the Free Congo State.  The colony of the Congo was in fact designed and executed almost single-handedly by monarch (King Leopard II) of Belgium, a country only fraction of the size of its acquired land.  Motivations behind the biggest exploit of the time, executions of step by step schemes and all the other fascinating details piqued my curiosity all the while for wanting to learn this piece of history.  It is the kind of books which inform, educate and enlighten that I found hard to put down once you get the gist of the storyline.

What impressed me also are the insights provided by Hochschild with bountiful research data to support him, an array of analyses on the psychology and mores of the time in history which explained partially why this at all happens.

"Colony of the world offers a convenient escape" said the author at one point.  It is to those who were dissatisfied with their own lives and status, the newfound land in the continent of Africa offers opportunities rarely found elsewhere another chance in life to excel, procure wealth and reach fame.  They includes the famous explorer Stanley himself and others, many are rank and file in the military or commercial firms aiming to dig gold in this vast country.

Coming into this remote land where no established rules or law exist except those made by the intruding white men themselves, the visitors tossed all moral trappings from the old world aside and committed cruelties and atrocities unimaginable back home without being held responsible.  Worse even, when the truth of those deeds broke open and reached far and beyond the continent of Africa, they were simply  dismissed, depressed and deliberately forgotten for almost a century since the break of the story.

English writer Joseph Conrad, the author of "Heart of Darkness", described this land with an unique eye. Piercing into the veiled secrets and revealing misdeeds, the horror on human kinds' cruelty against their own kind was ironically disguised in the name of humanity.  On the other hand, he and his peers alike cannot spare the sense of superiority toward African natives whom they sympathized with.  It was the superiority complex of Europeans, compounded with their self righteousness and military powers which conquered the Congo in such short
time that made its inhabitants slaves in their own homeland.

The Belgium reign of the Congo under either King Leopold or by the state of Belgium are not unalike in enforcing forced labor, mutilation and often time killing with military action against the population.  By sacrificing millions of Congo natives a vast fortune was made for the governing body of Free Congo State.  So who is behind all these and who is to be blamed?

This fascinating account tracing back to this piece of history of more than a century earlier makes you ponder about human nature and the truthfulness of history.  Are men by nature selfish and evil?  How can some do those hideous things to their own kind albeit a different race?  What after all is the truth in history we read about?

Understanding that truth is elusive and often time veiled in disguise, this excellent book offers plateful of food for thought to be digested by  readers and students of history alike.

Grace

Monday, June 19, 2017

維尼小熊的故事 - Winnie-the-Pooh


這是我翻譯維尼小熊的一篇故事:

維尼小熊的故事(Winnie-the-Pooh)
2/1/2017

有個叫做「百畝森林」的地方住了一頭小熊,名叫維尼。他有好幾位朋友也住在這個森林中,包括兔子、小豬、驢子和貓頭鷹。還有一個叫做 Christopher Robin 的小男孩,住在森林中一棵大橡樹下有著一扇綠色門的房子裡。

故事的主角維尼小熊是個布娃娃,他的所有朋友除了 Christopher Robin 以外,全是布做的玩具娃娃,在真實世界𥚃,他們也都和 Christopher Robin 住在一塊兒,是他最好的玩伴,也是貼心的朋友。

這個故事集是 Christopher Robin 的爸爸寫給他和維尼小熊的床邊故事。他心愛的小熊和小熊所有朋友在故事中都成了主角,每人(這裡先稱他們為人吧,因為他們的內心也和 Christopher 一樣,是可愛的孩子)雖然也有各自的煩惱,多半時間都像小孩一樣快快樂樂的過日子。

這一天,維尼小熊出了家門,走到一棵高大的橡樹下,樹上發出嗡嗡、嗡嗡的聲音。 維尼是個會用腦筋的熊,他想了又想,然後對自己說:這聲音一定是什麼東西弄出來的,而且會弄出這種聲音的東西,沒有別的,肯定是蜜蜂。他又想了一想:做為蜜蜂就是等著做蜂蜜。又説:蜜蜂做蜂蜜沒別的目的,肯定是準備給我吃的。他想著想著,一邊哼著歌兒,一邊慢慢爬上樹去。快爬到樹頂時,站在一根樹枝上休息,一不小心摔了下來。翻了好幾個跟斗,跌進一棵長滿荊棘的樹叢中,沾了一身尖刺。

維尼想到了他的朋友 Christopher Robin.  他問:你有沒有氣球?Christopher 問他要綠色或藍色的氣球。維尼想用氣球載著他上樹取蜂蜜,他説:我若拿綠色的氣球,蜜蜂會以為我是樹葉或樹枝,若是用藍色的氣球,他們會以為我是一小片天空。

Christopher 說:他們會問:那麼氣球下面那團毛茸茸的東西又是什麼?維尼想了一會兒,那我就裝成一片烏雲吧!他到泥灘上滾了一身泥,和 Christopher 一同出發前去採蜂蜜。

氣球載著小熊慢慢飄上樹頂,在蜂窩旁邊停了下來。可是還有一小段距離,小熊聞到蜂蜜的香味,可怎麼也搆不著它。蜜蜂開始嗡嗡、嗡嗡飛過來偵查。小熊向樹底下等候的 Christopher Robin 說:你家中有沒有雨傘?問要雨傘來做什麼用?小熊說道:你撐著傘在樹下走過來又走過去,一面說:看起來要下雨了。那麼蜜蜂會被騙過,認為我只不過是一片黑雲。

Christopher 照做了,可是蜜蜂仍不放過小熊維尼,一群蜜蜂繞著這朶黑雲嗡嗡地飛。小熊對 Christopher  說:我想這些蜜蜂做的蜂蜜可能不好,這些蜜蜂看起來就不對頭。我想我下來吧!有一隻蜜蜂已經飛到他鼻子上,黑雲大叫一聲:我應該下地了。如何下去呢?維尼沒想到過這問題。他想了又想,不想 "碰" 一聲摔到地面上,他叫 Christopher 用玩具槍射氣球。 Christopher 説:我若射中,氣球就完了。維尼說:你若不這麼做,氣球放了手,我也就完了!

Christopher 開槍擊中氣球,氣球慢慢漏氣,小熊也隨著飄回地面。但是他的雙臂由於緊抓著氣球過久僵硬了,兩隻手高舉放不下來接近一個禮拜。蒼蠅飛到他鼻子上,只能吹氣趕走它。我猜想這可能是他得到 Pooh (如噗聲)這個名字的由來吧?

Grace Liu 林豐蓉

【附錄】 硬筆素描 pen and ink of E. H. Shepard, the illustrator of the original version of the book “Winnie the Pooh” - 摹本 ,



譯自 :維尼小熊的故事  Winnie the Pooh
作者:A. A. Milne
插畫:E. H. Shepard

微小說一則



微小説一則
1/22/2017

夢境之離奇繽紛,常讓人感覺不可思議。以下敍述之短篇即為十多年前日記中記載的一則故事,根據夢醒時刻的恍惚印象急書而得。只因所記荒誕不經,頗有唐傳奇之風,故歸屬為小說。

不知何時得到一物,狀如一僧盤膝而坐。街坊中有攤眅,告知並示範如下:取一束乾草,中腰以絲帶紥穩,上頭套個椰子殼做的頭廬、取筆點劃眉眼鼻口,嘩!一個慈眉善目的僧人就現身眼前。

這位師父法相莊嚴面帶笑容,我竟日和他對望習以為常。一日,忽見他嘴角一動,以為自己眼花,凝神再瞧,他不僅僅笑了,還説起話來,一問一答,有問有答,神靈無比。

恭請師父移駕隣近教堂舉辦表演活動。成群街坊擠入小小的教堂,紛紛上前發問,一概有問皆答人人滿意,衆人靜候這位神僧施展神功。你道他表演那樣神功?

他將衆人嗑過的瓜子殼收取置盤中,徐徐向盤中吹口氣,所有碎殻就立時變回尚未嗑過的瓜子,完好如初!只是神僧或許只發出六、七成功力,最底層的瓜殼有些尚未轉形,仍舊是破殼。神僧抓出一把碎屑用力一吹,又是成形的上好瓜子!

你瞧,這不是挺有趣的神怪故事嗎?對了,我還沒説完呢!表演即將完畢,衆人漸次離去,我跑回家告訴丈夫,拉著他去觀賞奇技。回到教堂時人已散去,趕緊追出門找尋。忽而見到前面一條街上,緩步走著一位形貌相仿的僧人,急步向前追趕,卻怎麼也追不上他。這位神僧就此消失地表,你說奇怪不奇怪?

Grace

註: 原文記載日期為: 7/24/2003


Tuesday, June 6, 2017

讀書隨筆兩則

讀書隨筆
6/2/2017

《狼圖騰》作者:姜戎

在内蒙草原上,千百年來流傳著一些古老的傳奇,有關狼以及和狼一起生長在這塊大地上牧民的故事。在作者姜戎筆下,這些傳奇故事被譜成一首首動人的牧歌,這是蒙古人和蒙古狼的血涙爭鬪交織而成的悲歌,淒美而蒼涼,就有如蒙古人的長調,空靈而悠揚地迴響在這塊土地上。

作者是漢人知青,在六十年代末期至內蒙插隊,做了十年的羊倌,對草原及狼的習性捉摸得幾乎和草原牧民一般清楚。他甚至還親手養了一頭小狼。

書中敍述的故事,雖以小說形式呈現,卻是由第一手資料組列而成,其中有深思,亦不乏激情。作者後來在社會科學研究單位任職時,藉由機緣,開始思考整個中華民族(包括蒙古族)歷史文化及民族性的關連,並歸結出政治興衰更替的源泉及定律,提出他獨特的理論和觀點,附於書末的最後一章中。這些都汲取自十年間他在內蒙草原中的生活及體驗,所以這部小說也有自傳的影子。

從草原狼的習性,從牧民和野狼之間不斷的戰爭,從蒙古牧民和漢民族截然不同的生活方式和理念,作者姜戎演繹出自已的一套理論。他説蒙古牧民如狼,有著頑強的鬪志和生命力,而農耕社會的漢民族則似羊,缺乏鬪志,做奴做畜只圖苟存。這看法自是一家之言,讀者無需同意他的觀點。然而他的故事娓娓道來,描繪得如此神奇,驚心動魄又感人至深,一旦開始讀了就捨不得放下。

技巧方面,作者援用古代說書人運用大衆化的口語,描述情景活靈活現聲色齊至有如親見,的確是編故事的巧匠。他的文筆駕駁能力相當高明,字句流暢,情感密度高,故事細節一波數折卻又一氣呵成,是一本好看又好讀的書。

除了擅用恰當的比喻和民俗諺語,他還喜用一連串的排比(對稱性的用語)製造相當程度的韻律感,讓故事節奏更加明快。書中還穿插了一些有趣的類比(analogy) 描述得十分傳神。請見下例:

「狼進羊群叼走小羊羔,沒引起羊群多少騷動。連羊羔媽媽都不知丟了孩子。就好像遇到一個身懷絕技的飛賊,眼睜睜的看著飛賊在他眼皮底下搶走了錢包。」

作者還喜歡套用現成的諺語,有時稍為改頭換面,化腐朽為神奇,製造喜劇效果。例如:「柴米油鹽醬醋茶」開門七件事硬給改成「柴米油鹽肉糞茶」,幽默討喜。草原人食肉,作者養的小狼更是肉食動物無肉不歡,而牛羊牲畜的糞便則為草原一寶,是就地取材的材薪,不可一日無它,肯定都是開門七件事中重要的項目。

故事依時序(chronological order) 來寫。從一個個個別的故事或事件鋪陳開來,再綴串成一部如史詩般的鉅作,卻又首尾呼應精神統一,可讀性即高。唯一的缺憾是最後一段屬理論性的篇章,似乎不宜置於小說文本之內,它破壞全篇的節奏韻律及敍述上的統一性,在我看來是可刪除的蛇足。


Grace

註:此篇短文曾登「綠緣」雜誌 2007 年刊中。



《往事並不如煙》

傳記人人會寫,但寫的好並不容易。書店中滿架的傳記書籍,其中真正讓人想讀,讀後能讓人印象深刻的就屈指可數了。傳記作者一方面要做文獻的全面搜求研究,另一方面也需要和當事人或相關人士進行面談及其他方式的溝通交流。對於傳主要有較深入的瞭解,還得有心靈上的某些關懷,下筆方能帶出感情,寫的東西才能感動讀者。

讀完《往事並不如煙》我的確為之動容。書中每一位傳主(書分六章,共寫八人,加上作者的父親母親,其實一共寫了十人。)有些正寫,有些側寫,也有白描或是淺淺勾勒的人物形狀,無一不是栩栩如生音容宛在的立體人物。若不是作者對其人其事有全面深入的認識,或是彼此之間建立了長時間的情誼,或是作者對她所描述人物的理解與同情,萬萬寫不出這樣的篇章的。

作者文筆十分老到,舊學底子又好,書中常出現擲地有聲之章句,描寫得精確又有詩意。

寫張伯駒夫婦的一章有這麼一段精彩的文句:「......我甚至覺得張伯駒的經歷,就像中國純正的茶葉,不管怎樣的烘製和壓縮,只要遇上了好水,再遇上識貨的好茶客,便會舒展自如,輕輕浮起,滲出舊日的湯色來。」又:「他在時代裡消磨,但卻由時間保存,不像有些人是在時代𥚃稱雄,卻被時間淹沒。」
以上這兩段話是寫一代才子張伯駒的文字,第二段更同時點題,因此我認為兩個不同版本不同標題(註),《往事並不如煙》要更貼切些。

在 "最後的貴族" 一章中,作者寫康同璧母女兩人的生活態度時這麼寫道:「這時的我,一下子全懂了--- 雖 "坐銷歲月於幽憂困蒄之下而生趣未失,盡可能地保留審美的人生態度和精緻的生活藝術。"」講的是康有為的女兒康同璧,從絢爛回歸平淡的生活取向。她和女兒兩人從不忘苦中作樂,也不忘隨時幫助比她們更不幸的人。在最危難的年代,她不怕被牽連,堅持把兩個大右派章乃器和章伯鈞(作者的父親)邀至家中會唔。」

(註):繁體字版的《最後的貴族》比簡體版的《往事並不如煙》多出的篇幅長達四、五十頁之多。基本上政治上較為敏感的字句或段落,在中國大陸版的《往事並不如煙》中被技巧的刪除,讀起來尚不太突兀。即便是淨化過的版本,終究還是逃不掉在大陸禁賣的命運。

(補註):原文寫於2006年,曾刊登「綠緣」雜誌 2007 年刊。


Sunday, June 4, 2017




" The Martian "
by Andy Weir

1/16/17

"The Martian" by first time writer Andy Weir reads like a modern day version of "Robinson Crusoe" to me.  The presiding moral of the latter is "God helps those who help themselves".  "The Martian" however adds another component of equal importance on team work to this fantastical novel.  They are both in line with the mainstream thinking of our time.

It is not exactly my cup of tea however.  Still in fairness I want to give credit when it is due.

The minuses first, the writing is too technical to my liking and those descriptions unfortunately take up a big chunk of the book. His writing style is way too offhanded and language less than refined to my taste.   In addition, all the characters in the book are one-dimensional cardboard-like figures and uninteresting except our hero.  While most of the tech enthusiasts embrace the story thinking it a valid scientifically based sci-fi story, some may challenge the plausibility of its storyline like myself.

For example, a lot of things could go wrong being on a strange planet with hostile environment all by himself, and, whenever something bad happened our protagonist always came up with a solution to save himself.  This happened over and over again through out the book.  In the realm of reality the probability works against one in the long run and he stays on the planet of Mars for almost two earth years!  But of course, this is a fictitious tale and I guess in science fiction imagination reins supreme as the first requirement of this genre.

Now come the pluses, the story is indeed well researched in its combining of fiction writing with meticulously gathered scientific data and facts to the point it all comes together and seems real, just like a regular space travelogue if you will, except the off the cuff language.  Amazingly enough it remains quite readable even to a layperson like me who cannot tell the celestial body and knows nearly nothing about the technical stuff he describes in the book.  Even with less than perfect writing style and the unpolished language, the upbeat tone through out in this impelling story may in fact add to the appeal of the book to many.


Given the background in research and knowledge about what he writes about in the story, it still takes a whale of imagination to render the book appealing enough to sci-fi aficionados or regular readers.  Beside, the details of the milieu of the Mars described, the inexhaustible tech gadgets and apparatus offered, and numerous action sequences with some cliff-hangers mixed in between are quite a treat to average readers.  Not to mention the hardcore sci-fi fans who thrive on unlimited provision of novice gadgets as well as strange scenarios manufactured by the storyteller.  All these allow them earthlings hours on end simulating a celestial trip right in the comfort of their own living rooms.

While many sci-fi stories do not measure up in the category of characterization and this one is no exception, I still found the story engrossing enough to read on.  In our hero, his resourcefulness continues to amaze me, his no nonsense approach to problem solving and his perseverance admirable yet unimaginable by regular earthlings such as you and me.  Yet, this is a fantasy story, the norm of the genre is to let your imagination run wild even by bending a bit of reality.  He who helps himself is bound to be helped if not God but by many others.  Like numerous American heroes in history or in imaginary world, we are inclined to root for them throughout their ordeals.  And I am no exception.

Lastly it is genuinely funny.  Humors abundant were inserted here and there even in the direst situations our hero was to encounter which are many.  Humors here are used to unleash tension and restore hope and strength to pull himself out of distress.  To many the reading offers the thrill of a rollercoaster ride which does not want to end, humors also serve as a respite to the tension and suspense the readers in turn have to endure in reading the fast paced and suspense filled story.

The final mission completion scene rewards not only the perseverance of our hero but the team effort of many people including those on the planet of Earth and the crew members in space.  The positive message the story carries is uplifting and the happy ending welcome by most readers, no wonder it becomes NY Times bestseller and a blockbuster movie made shortly after the release of the book.

I like the way the book concludes right upon our protagonist being    rescued safe and sound in space when the story reaches its climax, and not rambling on or adding yet another chapter as the movie version does.  What happened after he returned to the earth would not shed much light and meaningful information. However, most movie fans probably welcome a closure a bit more solid when their hero and his crew finally planted their feet on earth.


Not a bad achievement for the first time novelist Andy Weir.

Grace




The Meursault Investigation

"The Meursault Investigation" is the first novel by Algerian writer/journalist Kamel Daoud .  It is the retelling of Albert Camus' 1943 novel " The Stranger", published in Algeria in 2013, only gathered wide circulation after its release in France in 2014.  This is a companion book to be read along side Camus' original.  According to Daoud the author himself said the book was a dialogue with Camus, the author of "The Stranger "《異鄉人》.

The French release won the 2015 Concourt prize for first time novel.  English translation was first published by Other Press in 2015 and received positive reviews which including N Y Times Book Review article written by writer Laila Lalami and excerpt(s) ? from the book appeared in New Yorker magazine in 2015.

Other than the initial accolades it gathered from all directions, the book was also targeted by Islamic clergy ? Who called the writer to be tried for blasphemy as "Apostate".  Daoud lives in Oran, Algeria and worked for "Le Quotidien d'Oran" writing commentaries and other articles for the papers.

Most readers in general held very polarized views for the book.  Negative comments were mainly directed at the book's tiresome and repetitive narratives and dialogues. Details of some plots do not hold water since Harun, the narrator, brother of the deceased Arab in Camus' original story, who regards Camus' original title as non-fiction and continues to ramble on historical details of his brother's death in incoherent manner, fiction or otherwise.

Many consider Daoud's success rides on the fame of his predecessor.  Although "The Meursault Investigation" definitely benefited from "The Stranger", it certainly has its own merit to warrantee such attention around the world since its publication.

The "Meursault" book reads like a rebuttal to "The Stranger" and should be read along side with it.  Better yet read "The Stranger" first and then "Meursault Investigation" like a sequel.  It is also like reading the same story from a different angle, say, an entirely different take.  This time from an Arabian point of view, or the view of the brother of the no-name Arab killed in Camus' "The Stranger".

I like to summarize some of the important tributes of this book in the following section.

在這裡我想用中文闡述若干重點:


此書最大貢獻在於提出非西方的觀點,相對於殖民時代白人的偏見及優越感,我們聽到了被殖民區人民的心聲。

同時此書寫的並非只是 Algeria 的故事, 它有更深層的意義以及普及性。書中敍及 Algeria 獨立之前和獨立以後的種種社會問題, 似乎獨立之後這些問題並未獲解決甚至還有惡化跡象,這是整個社會結構的問題。如貧窮愚昩等等並不是短期之間就能獲解決,加上傳統習俗及宗教束縛人們思想行為,改變亦非一蹴可及。 這種現象在世界上許多其他國家如非洲、南美及亞歐若干地區都不斷地發生過類似的情形。

和 《異鄉人》不同的還有幾個子題,書中花不少筆墨描繪主角母子之間的關係及互動。一個自幼基本上被禁錮,沒有思想及身體的自由,甚至到了成年仍和母親拴在一處,活著的目的只為其兄長復仇。然而他只是傀儡,背後牽線的是他母親。和 D.H. Lawrence 的名著《 兒子與情人 》頗相似的故事前提:因兄長英年早逝,母親將僅存的兒子做為哥哥的替代品,兩人彼此互相牽制、愛恨交集、複雜的感情影響了他無法如常人般生活,註定一輩子做孤單的人。心中只剩下永不止息的仇恨及無奈,愛情即使近在眼前也無法握住,在自己家鄕他成了異鄉人。

我覺得此書尚有一個傳承:Samuel Taylor Coleridge 寫的《 古舟子之歌 》長詩中主角古舟子 (水手) 不停的對一個參加婚禮的客人(被他抓住後)就閞始滔滔不絕敍述他數小時長的故事。主角 Harun 也是如此, 他幾乎每晚到酒店喝酒就逮住一位酒客(是否每回都對同一位酒客不得而知)嘮嘮叼叼講述自己的故事,數十年如一日。這首十九世紀的英詩中有強烈的基督教原罪思想,"Meursault" 一書中亦有原罪的影子。Harun 似乎被復仇的對象 Meursault 的神靈附身,他的所做所為愈來愈接近他的敵人,甚至到後來他也和 Meursault 一樣殺了人,殺了一個無足輕重的法國人。這成了他的原罪,在精神上他是 Meursault 的翻版,兩者揉合成一人,你中有我、我中有你分不出誰是誰。

作者 Daoud 是高級知識分子,又用法文寫作。我猜想在 Algeria 或其他法國屬地中的許多知識分子,他們所學所知多半經由法國而來,身為阿拉伯人的他們似乎徘徊在當地人(Algerians) 和法國人之間,對於自己屬於那個陣營很難做出抉擇。他對法國(尤其是文學及文化)是那種既恨又愛的複雜感情,他對許多事情的看法無寧更接近法國人,讓他在自己國家成了異鄉人。

這是一本很不一樣的書。書中有不少精彩的段落和絕妙好句,寫得貼切痛快又幽默。不過書的前半段考驗到讀者的耐心,一直要到全書過半時故事鋪陳才好看起來。關鍵在你必需先讀 Camus 的 《異鄉人》才能暸解這本書在講什麼,為什麼這麼多人讀過又叫好。甚至在斷章截句上,Daoud 也緊跟在 Camus 身後亦步亦趨,注意到他許多話都是對應《異鄉人》中字句作出回應或反駁。

以上為我六月份為 AlmaDen Book Club 做的報告整理而成,並未加入其他人的意見。主觀想法難免寫的也不夠周全,懇請諸位指正。



Grace

Sunday, March 5, 2017

Introduction

Hello, this is my new blog.  Aside from film chats which include film reviews and other writings on films in general, I have also written some short write ups on reading various titles.  Here are some of them

Grace